Born in 1930 to a postal worker in rural southwestern France, Pierre Bourdieu rose through the French school system on scholarships and studied philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. Moving from a small provincial background to the center of Parisian intellectual life gave him a double perspective: he belonged, yet never fully felt at home. This experience shaped his work, helping him see both the personal cost of social mobility and the quiet ways elites protect their status.
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